CLIMATE AND NATURAL VEGETATION OF GOA

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Climate of goa



Goa also experiences similar climate like other parts of the country but intensity of summer, winter and rainy season is little different. The average temperature of Goa varies between 20-35°C. Annual rainfall varies between 250 to 350 cms. Goa mainly has three seasons and they are rainy season from June to October. Winter season from November to February. Summer season from March to May.

Rainy Season

it begins with onset of south west monsoon winds. Monsoon generally reaches to Goa's coast in the first week of June. But last few years there is variations in arrival of monsoon either last week of May or second week of June. During south west monsoon winds, velocity of winds varies between 40 to 60 kms. per hour. The winds brings lot of moisture with clouds and clouds are noticed almost 50-60 mts. above the ground. The Sahyadri mountains play important role in controlling the movement of monsoon winds as a result Goa get heavy rainfall in the last week of June to last week of July. Many times cloud burst phenomena brings huge amount of rainfall during short period of time. Temperature during rainy season is between 25-28°C. Sattari, Sanguem, Cancona receives more rainfall as compared to Salcete, Bardez, Tiswadi talukas. After 15th August the intensity of rainfall decreases. Retreating of monsoon takes place in the second week of October.

Winter Season

Winter season starts from November. During this time the day temperataure is around 26-28°C and night temperature is around 20°C. Sometimes in the month of December and January temperature decreases upto 18°C. Clear sky with bright sunlight, cool easterly winds, less air temperature are the main weather phenomena during winter season. Cyclones originating from the Bay of Bengal may bring rainfall during winter.

 Summer Season

The summer season starts from last week of February and last till the end of May. During this season temperature increase from 26°C to 35°C. Sometimes temperature may increase upto 40°C during the day. Coastal areas however experiences low temperature.

NATURAL VEGETATION OF GOA



According to the recent data, the natural vegetation in Goa consists of 1224.38 sq ms. Forests in Goa belongs to government as well as private individuals. 90% of the total forest is found in Sattari, Sanguem and Cancona taluka.

Types of Forests in Goa

 Monsoon climate had played an important role on vegetation. There are mainly four types of forests found in Goa;

 1. Evergreen and semiever green forests

 2. Moist deciduous forests.

3. Scrubs and thorny forests

 4. Littoral vegetation.

Evergreen and Semievergreen Forests

This type of forests green Forestend in Sanguem, Sattari and Cancery thickly Most of the trees are tall and mainly foun throughout the year. Forests are very thickly populated and the trees found are shisham, jamun, bamboo and pine trees.

 Moist Deciduous Forests

 This forests are found on plateaus as well as dissected areas of the west of western ghats. The forests are mainly found in Ponda, Bicholim, Quepem, Pennem and Cancona taluka. Teak, Sal, Cashew, Mango, Jackfruits are the main trees found in these forests.

Scrub and Thorny Forests

 It is found in plateau areas of western talukas. Due to deforestation carried on a large scale, the areas have become barren and is not suitable for cultivation. Only scrub and thorny vegetation is found. Tiswadi, Salcete and Mormugao talukas have such kind of forest.

Littoral Vegetation

 This type of vegetation is found along coastal areas and river valleys close to river mouth. Today the natural littoral vegetation has been converted to man-made vegetation by planting coconuts and other trees. Mormugao, Salcete, Ponda and Tiswadi taluka has such kind of vegetation. The Mangrove trees are the main littoral vegetation.

FOREST OF GOA

Goa lies along the west coast of India and experiences typical monsoon type of climate. The State of Forest Report in 1999 showed the total of 33.79% of forest cover in Goa. The dense forests in Goa covers of 995 sq. km, 251 sq. km open forest cover and 5 sq. km of mangroves. The 2001 State of Forest Report showed the forest cover in Goa measures up to 2095 sq. km consisting of 1785 sq. km of dense forest and 310 sq. km of open forests.

ANIMALS AND BIRDS OF GOA


Goa has a variety of animals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. Animals like foxes, deer, wild bear are found. Gaur (Indian bison) is the state animal.

The state bird is the Ruby Throated Yellow Bulbul. Other birds like Kingfisher, Mynah, Parrots, Sparrows are found.

A variety of reptiles such as King Cobra, Vipers, Rat snake, Kraits are found. Fresh water crocodiles are found in mangroves. There is a variety of fish such as Mackrels sardines, Kingfish, Red snapper, Crabs, Shrimps etc.

 The state fish is Shevto (Mullet). Besides the state flower Abolim (red jasmine) other flowers like mogra, zuiyo, lotus, parijat grow here.

Location: Goa, India

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