INTRODUCTION
INTRODUTION
Goa, state of India, comprising a mainland district on the country’s southwestern coast and an offshore island. It is located about 250 miles (400 km) south of Mumbai (Bombay). One of India’s smallest states, it is bounded by the states of Maharashtra on the north and Karnataka on the east and south and by the Arabian sea on the west. The capital is Panaji (Panjim), on the north-central coast of the mainland district. Formerly a Portuguese possession, it became a part of India in 1962 and attained statehood in 1987. Area 1,429 square miles (3,702 square km).
LOCATION OF GOA
Physical Division of Goa
A Geographically Goa has mainly three natural divisions namely the Low lands, the Plateaus and the Mountain region.
i)Low Lands
Low Lands The low lands are mainly coastal and about 105 km long Many beaches are located along the coast It stretches from Terekhol in the north to Polem in the South
ii) Plateau Lands (Midland)
The plateau region is found between the mountain region in the east and the lowlands in the west Its height ranges from 30 to 100 meters This region comprises of laterite stone which is used for building houses and other construction work Some parts of the plateau are called headlands A headland is a piece of land that projects from the coastline into the sea Examples of plateaus in Goa are Verna, Kadamba plateau, Bambolim Examples of headland are Sada, Cabo de Ram, Aguada
iii) Mountain Region
The Sahyadris part of the Western Ghats are to the east of South Goa This part is covered with dense forest In this area, some of the mountains are very steep Iri South Goa, the peaks are Katalachi Mauli, Sasogad, Chandranath at Paroda, Dudhsagar in Dharbondara taluka and Karmalghat in Canacona taluka, Many streams and rivers flow from this region to lowlands, making the land fertile and hence thickly populated.
RIVERS OF GOA
There are two major and seven minor rivers flowing through the state of God liberall the Zuari, Mandovi, Tiracol, Chapon Sal, Talpona and Galgibag. All these rivers originate from the Sayhadri ranges and flow westward into the Arabian Sea. These rivers are navigable throughout the year and have deep valleys cutting through the Sahyadris. Since the Zuari and Mandovi are connected with each other by the Cumbharjua Canal, the ships are able to navigate into the interior regions where there are iron ore mines. The waters of the Mandovi and Zuari flush out into the Arabian Sea at a common point known as Cabo Aguada.
i)River Zuari
The Zuari is the largest river in the state. It is a tidal river. It originates at Hemad Barshem in the Western Ghats. The river is also referred to as the Aghanashani the interior regions. It flows in the southern-western direction through the talukas d Tiswadi, Ponda, Mormugao, Salcete, Sanguem and Quepem. The Zuari bridge connect the villages of Agassaim on the north bank of the river to Cortalim which is on the south bank of the river.
ii) River Mandovi
Mandovi River which is also known as the Mahadayi or Mhadei river, is describer as the lifeline of the state of Goa. It originates from a cluster of 30 springs at Bhimgad in the Western Ghats in the Belgavi district of Karnataka. The Mandovi enters Gou from the north via the Sattari Taluka. Later, it flows through Cumbharjua, Diwadi and Chodan and finally drains out into the Arabian Sea. The Mandovi has two waterfalls the Dudhsagar Falls and the Varapoha Falls.
iii) Chapora River.
It orginates at Hijgoli, a small village in Maharashtra near Belgavi. After flowing through the Tillari Ghat, it enters in Goa. It divides the North Goa talukas of Pernem and Bardez and drains into the Arabian Sea at Vagator
iv) Mapusa River
The Mapusa river originates from the jungles of Dumacem and Amthane. It takes an initial turn eastward and later southward before it drains itself into the Mandovi river at Penha de France The Mapusa River has separated Corjuem from the mainland Aldona Since ancient times, the river has been used as a popular waterway to transport agricultural products and spices. The town of Mapusa is the largest town located on the banks of this river
v) Sal River
This river flows through South Goa It passes through Margao, Navelim, Dramapur, Chinchinım and Assolna before it drains itself into the Arabian Sea at Betul. Sal is the third largest river in Goa. Nonetheless, Sal can also boast of having the third largest basın in the state Sal River is considered to have a geological and hydrological oddity as it is the only river that flows in the North-South direction before entering into the Arabian Sea at Betul.
vi) The Terekhol River
This river rises around Manohargad in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. The river is known as Banda in its upper reaches and Terekhol in its lower stretch. It flows in the south-westerly direction and forms the boundary between Maharashtra and Goa.
vii) Talpona River
This river flows through South Goa. It passes through Canacona taluka. It flows from east to west direction and it drains into Arabian Sea.
viii) Galgibaga River
This is the southern most river in Goa. It also flows through Canacona taluka and it drains into Arabian Sea.
Lakes and Springs
Mayem Lake; in Bicholim Taluka, is an artificial lake which is located 35 kms from Panaji. The Carambolim lake is a natural lake which is at a distance of 12kms from Panaji whereas Curtorim lake is in the south of Goa. Besides these lakes, there are springs at Kesarval. Vhoddli Zhor (Zhor means spring in Konkani) and the well known medicinal springs at Baga beach in Goa. Nevertheless, Goa has over hundred medicinal springs and more than 300 tanks built during the Kadamba period.
Dudhsagar Falls
This is one of the most important waterfalls of Goa. It is the 5th highest waterfall in India. These falls are on the higher reaches of the Mandovi River in Goa. These are the fifth highest waterfalls in India and have a height of 310m. This is a four tiered waterfall with a total height of 310 meters and an average width of 30 meters They offer a spectacular sight during the monsoon season.
Nice info thanks very much
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